The aims of vital pulp therapy are to maintain the vitality of the dental pulp, and to stimulate the remaining pulp to generate the dentin-pulp complex (thicken the dentin and continued root development). This is of critical importance for the strength and potential longevity of the developing tooth. Clinically, vital pulp therapy can be divided into two main groups: indirect pulp capping and direct pulp capping/pulpotomy. Indirect pulp capping is achieved by applying a protective agent on the thin layer of dentin remaining over a nearly exposed pulp, in order to allow the underlying dental pulp to recover. In contrast, direct pulp capping is the strategy where a protective agent is placed directly on the exposed pulp to protect the underlying pulp from further injury, and to allow the dentin-pulp complex to regenerate. When dental pulp exposure is large, or the pulp is infected, all of the coronal pulp must be removed, and direct pulp capping will subsequently be performed adjacent to the root pulp. This method is called pulpotomy. After pulpotomy treatment, the dental pulp within the root canal can be preserved, and the roots of immature teeth can continue to grow and develop properly. There are several new materials that Dr. MacIntyre uses to provide state of the art treatment for these difficult cases.